KCET Exam 2025 - Date, Registration, Pattern, Syllabus, Preparation Tips, Cutoff2026

Physical world
What is physic?, fundamental forces in nature

Units and measurement
Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of mass, measurement of time, accuracy, precisions of instruments and errors in measurements, significant figures, dimensions of physical quantities
Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations, dimensional analysis and its applications

Motion in a straight line
Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantenous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematics equations for uniformly, accelerated motion, relative velocity

Motion in a plane
Introduction, scalars and vectors, multiplication of vectores by real numbers, additions and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolutions of vectors, vector addition-analytical method, motion in a plane
Motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Laws of motion
Introduction, conservation of momentum, equilibirium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, circular motion, solving problem in mechanics

Work, power, energy
Introduction, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy, the conservation of mechanical energy
The potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, power, collisions

System of particles and rigid body
Introduction, centre of mass, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, torque and angular momentum, equilibrium of a rigid body
Moment of inertia, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, rolling motion

Gravitation
Introduction, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential enrgy, escape speed, earth satellite, energy of an orbiting satellite
Geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness

Mechanical properties of solids
Introduction, stress and strain, Hooke’s law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli: Young’s modulus, determination of young’s modulus of the material wire, bulk modulus, applications of elastic behaviour of materials

Mechanical properties of fluids
Introduction, pressure, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, surface tension

Thermal properties of matter
Introduction, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, black body radiation, green house effect, Newton's law of coolings

Thermodynamics
Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, intemal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables ant equation of state, thermodynamic processes
Second law of thermodyniamics, reversible and irreversible process, Camot engitie

Kinetic theory
Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, mean free path

Oscillations
Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, simple harmonic motion, simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion
Some systems executing simple harmonic motion, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance

Waves
Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves (except fundamental mode and harmonics), beats

Electric charges and fields
Introduction, electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law: Field due to infinitely long Straight uniformly charged wire. Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

Electrostatic potential and capacitance
Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field
Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Current electricity
Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power, cells, EMF, internal resistance
Cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer

Moving charges and magnetism
Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields: Velocity selector, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop
Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Magnetism and matter
Introduction, the bar magnet: The magnetic field lines, magnetism and Gauss’s law, the earth’s magnetism, magnetisation and magnetic intensity

Electromagnetic induction
Introduction, the experiment of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, eddy currents, inductance, A.C. generator

Alternating current
Introduction, A.C. voltage applied to a resistor, representation of A.C. current and voltage by ratating vectors-phasors, A.C. voltage applied to an inductor, A.C. voltage applied to a capacitor, A.C. voltage applied to a series LCR circuit
LC oscillations, transformers

Electromagnetic waves
Introduction, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum

Ray optics and optical instruments
Introduction, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight: The rainbow
Optical instruments (except resolving power microscope and astronomical telescope)

Wave optics
Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and young’s experiment
Diffraction: The single slit, seeing the single slit diffraction pattern, the validity of ray optics

Dual nature of radiation and matter
Introduction, electron emission photoelectric effect experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation
Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter

Atoms
Introduction experiment, alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation

Nuclei
Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass energy and nuclear binding energy (except binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number), nuclear force, nuclear energy

Semiconductor electronics: materials, devices and simple circuits
Introduction, classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes
Optoelectronic junction devices, digital electronics and logic gates

Some basic concepts of chemistry
Importance of chemistry, properties of matter and their measurement, uncertainty in measurement, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molecular masses, percentage composition, stiochiometry and stiochiometric calculations

Structure of atom
Developments leading to the Bohr's model of atom, Bohr's model for hydrogen atom, towards quantum mechanical model of the atom, quantum mechanical model of atom

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, nomen cloture of elements with atomic numbers> 100, electric configuration of elements and the periodic table
Electronic configuration and types of elements: s-, p-, d-, f-blocks, periodic trends in properties of elements

Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, ionic or electrovalent bond, bond parameters, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VDEPR) theory, valence bond theory, hybridization, molecular orbital theory
Bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules, hydrogen bonding

States of matter
Intermolecular forces, thermal energy, intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions, the gaseous state, the gas laws, ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory of gases, behaviour of real gases: Deviation from

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic tenus, applications, measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, enthalpy change, ∆H of a reaction, reaction enthalpy, enthalpies for different types of reactions, spontaneity

Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical processes, equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant, homogeneous equilibria, heterogeneous equilibria, applications of equilibrium constants
Relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G, factors affecting equilibria, ionic equilibrium in solution, acids, bases, and salts, ionization of acids and bases, buffer solutions
Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts

Redox reactions
Classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, redox reactions in terms of electron transfer reactions, oxidation number

Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, hydrides, water, heavy water, D, O, dihydrogen as a fuel

The s-block elements
Group 1 elements: Alkali metals, general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals, anomalous properties of lithium, group 2 elements: Alkaline earth metals, general characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals
Anomalous behaviour of beryllium, some important compounds of calcium Ca(OH)₂, CaSO₄

The p-block elements
Group 13 elements: The boron family, important trends and anomalous properties of boron, uses of boron and aluminium and their compounds, group 14 elements: The carbon family, important trends and anomalous behaviour of carbon, allotropes of carbon

Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques
General introduction, tetravalence of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds, structural representations of organic compounds, classification of organic compounds, nomenclature of organic compounds, isomerism
Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism

Hydrocarbons
Classification, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbon, carcinogenicity and toxicity

The solid state
General characteristics of solid state, amorphous and crystalline solids, classification of crystalline solids, crystal lattices and unit cells, number of atoms in a unit cell, close packed structures, packing efficiency
Calculations involving unit cell dimensions, imperfections in solids

Solutions
Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility, vapour pressure of-liquid solutions, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and determination of molar mass

Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis (excluding elementary idea of laws of electrolysis)

Chemical kinetics
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction, integrated rate equations

Surface chemistry
Adsorption, colloids, classification of colloids, colloids around us

The p-block elements
Group 15 elements, dinitrogen, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen (excluding structure), niitic acid, group 16 elements, dioxygen, simple oxides, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms, sulphur dioxide, oxoacids of sulphur, sulphuric acid: Chemical properties, uses
Group 17 elements, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds, group 18 elements

The d-and f-block elements
Position in the periodic table, electronic configurations of the d-block elements, general properties of the transition elements (d-block), the lanthanoids: Electronicconfiguration, oxidation states, lanthanoids contraction, reasons, and consequences
The actinoids; actinoid contraction, some applications of d- and f-elements

Coordination compounds
Werner's theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds, nomenclature of coordination compounds, bonding in coordination compounds, bonding in metal carbonyls, stability of coordination compounds

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification, nomenclature, nature of C-X bound, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions

Alcohols, phenols and ethers
Classification, nomenclature, structure of functional groups, alcohols and phenols, ethers

Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid
Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation of aldehydes and ketones, physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of aldehydes and ketones, nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group, methods of preparation of carboxylic acids
Physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of carboxylic acids

Amines
Structure of amines, classification, nomenclature, preparation of amines, physical properties, chemical reactions

Biomolecules
Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, preparation of glucose, structure of glucose, cyclic structure of glucose, structure of fructose, proteins, nucleic acids

Sets
Introduction, sets and their representation, empty set, finite and infinite sets, equal sets, subsets, power sets, universal sets, Venn diagram, operation on set, practical problems on union and intersection of two sets

Relations and Functions
Introduction, casrtesian products of sets, relations, functions, some functions and their graphs

Trignometric function
Introduction, angles trignometric functions, trignometric functions of sum and difference of two angles, principal solutions of trignometric equations

Principle of mathematical inductions
Introduction, motivation, the principle of mathematical induction

Complex numbers and quadratic equations
Introduction, complex number, algebra of complex number, the modulus and conjugate of a complex number, Argand plane

Linear inequalities
Introduction, inequalities, algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their graphical representation, graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables, solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables

Permutations and combination
Introduction, fundamental principal of counting, permutation, combination

Sequence and series
Introduction, sequence, series, arithmetic progression, geometric progression, relationship between A.M. and G.M.

Straight lines
Introduction, slope of a line: (i) Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity of lines in terms of their slopes, (ii) angle between two lines, (iii) collinearity of three points, various forms of equation of the line, general equation of a line
Distance of a point from a line

Introduction to three-dimentional geometry
Introduction, coordinate axis and planes in three dimentional space, distance between two points, section formula

Limits and derivatives
Introduction, intuitive idea of derivatives, limits, limits of trignometric functions, derivatives

Statistics
Introduction, measures of dispersion, range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation

Probability
Introduction, random experiments, event

Relations and Functions
Introduction, types of relations, types of functions, binary operations

Inverse trigonometric funvtions
Introduction, basic concepts, principal values

Matrices
Introduction, matrix, types of matrices, operations on matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and Skew symmetric matrices, invertible matrices

Determinants
Introduction, determinant, area of a triangle, minors and cofactors, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, applications of determinants and matrices

Continuity and differentiability
Introduction, continuity, differentiability, exponential and logarithemic functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, second order derivative

Application of derivatives
Introduction, rate of change of quantities, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima

Integrals
Introduction, integration as an inverse process of differentiation, methods of integration, integrals of some particular functions, integration by partial fractions, integration by parts, definite integral, fundamental theorem of calculus
Evaluation of definite integrals by substitution, some properties of definite integrals

Applications of integrals
Introduction, area under simple curves

Differential equations
Introduction, basic concepts, particular solutions of differential equation, methods of solving first order, first degree differential equations

Vector algebra
Introduction, some basic concepts, types of vectors, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, product of two vectors

Three dimensional geometry
Introduction, direction cosines and direction ratios of a line, equation of a line, equation of a line in space, shortest distance between two lines, plane, coplanarity of two lines, distance of a point from plane

Linear programming
Introduction, linear programming problem and its mathematical formulation, different, types of linear programming problems

Probability
Introduction, conditional probability, conditional theorem on probability, independent events, Baye's theorem

Physical world
What is physic?, fundamental forces in nature

Units and measurement
Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of mass, measurement of time, accuracy, precisions of instruments and errors in measurements, significant figures, dimensions of physical quantities
Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations, dimensional analysis and its applications

Motion in a straight line
Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantenous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematics equations for uniformly, accelerated motion, relative velocity

Motion in a plane
Introduction, scalars and vectors, multiplication of vectores by real numbers, additions and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolutions of vectors, vector addition-analytical method, motion in a plane
Motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Laws of motion
Introduction, conservation of momentum, equilibirium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, circular motion, solving problem in mechanics

Work, power, energy
Introduction, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy, the conservation of mechanical energy
The potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, power, collisions

System of particles and rigid body
Introduction, centre of mass, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, torque and angular momentum, equilibrium of a rigid body
Moment of inertia, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, rolling motion

Gravitation
Introduction, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential enrgy, escape speed, earth satellite, energy of an orbiting satellite
Geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness

Mechanical properties of solids
Introduction, stress and strain, Hooke’s law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli: Young’s modulus, determination of young’s modulus of the material wire, bulk modulus, applications of elastic behaviour of materials

Mechanical properties of fluids
Introduction, pressure, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, surface tension

Thermal properties of matter
Introduction, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, black body radiation, green house effect, Newton's law of coolings

Thermodynamics
Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, intemal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables ant equation of state, thermodynamic processes
Second law of thermodyniamics, reversible and irreversible process, Camot engitie

Kinetic theory
Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, mean free path

Oscillations
Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, simple harmonic motion, simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion
Some systems executing simple harmonic motion, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance

Waves
Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves (except fundamental mode and harmonics), beats

Electric charges and fields
Introduction, electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law: Field due to infinitely long Straight uniformly charged wire. Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

Electrostatic potential and capacitance
Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field
Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Current electricity
Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power, cells, EMF, internal resistance
Cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer

Moving charges and magnetism
Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields: Velocity selector, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop
Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Magnetism and matter
Introduction, the bar magnet: The magnetic field lines, magnetism and Gauss’s law, the earth’s magnetism, magnetisation and magnetic intensity

Electromagnetic induction
Introduction, the experiment of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, eddy currents, inductance, A.C. generator

Alternating current
Introduction, A.C. voltage applied to a resistor, representation of A.C. current and voltage by ratating vectors-phasors, A.C. voltage applied to an inductor, A.C. voltage applied to a capacitor, A.C. voltage applied to a series LCR circuit
LC oscillations, transformers

Electromagnetic waves
Introduction, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum

Ray optics and optical instruments
Introduction, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight: The rainbow
Optical instruments (except resolving power microscope and astronomical telescope)

Wave optics
Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and young’s experiment
Diffraction: The single slit, seeing the single slit diffraction pattern, the validity of ray optics

Dual nature of radiation and matter
Introduction, electron emission photoelectric effect experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation
Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter

Atoms
Introduction experiment, alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation

Nuclei
Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass energy and nuclear binding energy (except binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number), nuclear force, nuclear energy

Semiconductor electronics: materials, devices and simple circuits
Introduction, classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes
Optoelectronic junction devices, digital electronics and logic gates

Some basic concepts of chemistry
Importance of chemistry, properties of matter and their measurement, uncertainty in measurement, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molecular masses, percentage composition, stiochiometry and stiochiometric calculations

Structure of atom
Developments leading to the Bohr's model of atom, Bohr's model for hydrogen atom, towards quantum mechanical model of the atom, quantum mechanical model of atom

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, nomen cloture of elements with atomic numbers> 100, electric configuration of elements and the periodic table
Electronic configuration and types of elements: s-, p-, d-, f-blocks, periodic trends in properties of elements

Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, ionic or electrovalent bond, bond parameters, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VDEPR) theory, valence bond theory, hybridization, molecular orbital theory
Bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules, hydrogen bonding

States of matter
Intermolecular forces, thermal energy, intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions, the gaseous state, the gas laws, ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory of gases, behaviour of real gases: Deviation from

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic tenus, applications, measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, enthalpy change, ∆H of a reaction, reaction enthalpy, enthalpies for different types of reactions, spontaneity

Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical processes, equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant, homogeneous equilibria, heterogeneous equilibria, applications of equilibrium constants
Relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G, factors affecting equilibria, ionic equilibrium in solution, acids, bases, and salts, ionization of acids and bases, buffer solutions
Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts

Redox reactions
Classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, redox reactions in terms of electron transfer reactions, oxidation number

Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, hydrides, water, heavy water, D, O, dihydrogen as a fuel

The s-block elements
Group 1 elements: Alkali metals, general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals, anomalous properties of lithium, group 2 elements: Alkaline earth metals, general characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals
Anomalous behaviour of beryllium, some important compounds of calcium Ca(OH)₂, CaSO₄

The p-block elements
Group 13 elements: The boron family, important trends and anomalous properties of boron, uses of boron and aluminium and their compounds, group 14 elements: The carbon family, important trends and anomalous behaviour of carbon, allotropes of carbon

Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques
General introduction, tetravalence of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds, structural representations of organic compounds, classification of organic compounds, nomenclature of organic compounds, isomerism
Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism

Hydrocarbons
Classification, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbon, carcinogenicity and toxicity

The solid state
General characteristics of solid state, amorphous and crystalline solids, classification of crystalline solids, crystal lattices and unit cells, number of atoms in a unit cell, close packed structures, packing efficiency
Calculations involving unit cell dimensions, imperfections in solids

Solutions
Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility, vapour pressure of-liquid solutions, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and determination of molar mass

Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis (excluding elementary idea of laws of electrolysis)

Chemical kinetics
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction, integrated rate equations

Surface chemistry
Adsorption, colloids, classification of colloids, colloids around us

The p-block elements
Group 15 elements, dinitrogen, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen (excluding structure), niitic acid, group 16 elements, dioxygen, simple oxides, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms, sulphur dioxide, oxoacids of sulphur, sulphuric acid: Chemical properties, uses
Group 17 elements, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds, group 18 elements

The d-and f-block elements
Position in the periodic table, electronic configurations of the d-block elements, general properties of the transition elements (d-block), the lanthanoids: Electronicconfiguration, oxidation states, lanthanoids contraction, reasons, and consequences
The actinoids; actinoid contraction, some applications of d- and f-elements

Coordination compounds
Werner's theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds, nomenclature of coordination compounds, bonding in coordination compounds, bonding in metal carbonyls, stability of coordination compounds

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification, nomenclature, nature of C-X bound, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions

Alcohols, phenols and ethers
Classification, nomenclature, structure of functional groups, alcohols and phenols, ethers

Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid
Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation of aldehydes and ketones, physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of aldehydes and ketones, nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group, methods of preparation of carboxylic acids
Physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of carboxylic acids

Amines
Structure of amines, classification, nomenclature, preparation of amines, physical properties, chemical reactions

Biomolecules
Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, preparation of glucose, structure of glucose, cyclic structure of glucose, structure of fructose, proteins, nucleic acids

Sets
Introduction, sets and their representation, empty set, finite and infinite sets, equal sets, subsets, power sets, universal sets, Venn diagram, operation on set, practical problems on union and intersection of two sets

Relations and Functions
Introduction, casrtesian products of sets, relations, functions, some functions and their graphs

Trignometric function
Introduction, angles trignometric functions, trignometric functions of sum and difference of two angles, principal solutions of trignometric equations

Principle of mathematical inductions
Introduction, motivation, the principle of mathematical induction

Complex numbers and quadratic equations
Introduction, complex number, algebra of complex number, the modulus and conjugate of a complex number, Argand plane

Linear inequalities
Introduction, inequalities, algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their graphical representation, graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables, solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables

Permutations and combination
Introduction, fundamental principal of counting, permutation, combination

Sequence and series
Introduction, sequence, series, arithmetic progression, geometric progression, relationship between A.M. and G.M.

Straight lines
Introduction, slope of a line: (i) Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity of lines in terms of their slopes, (ii) angle between two lines, (iii) collinearity of three points, various forms of equation of the line, general equation of a line
Distance of a point from a line

Introduction to three-dimentional geometry
Introduction, coordinate axis and planes in three dimentional space, distance between two points, section formula

Limits and derivatives
Introduction, intuitive idea of derivatives, limits, limits of trignometric functions, derivatives

Statistics
Introduction, measures of dispersion, range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation

Probability
Introduction, random experiments, event

Relations and Functions
Introduction, types of relations, types of functions, binary operations

Inverse trigonometric funvtions
Introduction, basic concepts, principal values

Matrices
Introduction, matrix, types of matrices, operations on matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and Skew symmetric matrices, invertible matrices

Determinants
Introduction, determinant, area of a triangle, minors and cofactors, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, applications of determinants and matrices

Continuity and differentiability
Introduction, continuity, differentiability, exponential and logarithemic functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, second order derivative

Application of derivatives
Introduction, rate of change of quantities, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima

Integrals
Introduction, integration as an inverse process of differentiation, methods of integration, integrals of some particular functions, integration by partial fractions, integration by parts, definite integral, fundamental theorem of calculus
Evaluation of definite integrals by substitution, some properties of definite integrals

Applications of integrals
Introduction, area under simple curves

Differential equations
Introduction, basic concepts, particular solutions of differential equation, methods of solving first order, first degree differential equations

Vector algebra
Introduction, some basic concepts, types of vectors, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, product of two vectors

Three dimensional geometry
Introduction, direction cosines and direction ratios of a line, equation of a line, equation of a line in space, shortest distance between two lines, plane, coplanarity of two lines, distance of a point from plane

Linear programming
Introduction, linear programming problem and its mathematical formulation, different, types of linear programming problems

Probability
Introduction, conditional probability, conditional theorem on probability, independent events, Baye's theorem

Diversity in the living world
The living world, biological classification, plant, kingdom, animal kingdom

Structural organisation in plants and animals
Morphology of flowering plants, anatomy of flowering plants, structural organisation in animals

Cell structure and function
Cell: The unit of life, biomolecules, cell cycle and cell division

Plant physiology
Transportation in plants, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis in higher plants, respiration in plants, plant growth and development

Human physiology
Digestion and absorption, breathing and exchange of gases, body fluids and circulation, excretory products, and their elimination, locomotion and movement, neural control and coordination, chemical coordination and integration

Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms, sexual reproduction, sexual reproduction in flowering plants, human reproduction, reproductive health

Genetics and evolution
Principles of inheritance and variation, molecular basic of inheritance

Biology in human welfare
Human health and disease, microbes in human welfare

Biotechnology
Biotechnology: Principles and process, biotechnology and its applications

Ecology
Organisms and populations, biodiversity and conservation

Physical world
What is physic?, fundamental forces in nature

Units and measurement
Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of mass, measurement of time, accuracy, precisions of instruments and errors in measurements, significant figures, dimensions of physical quantities
Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations, dimensional analysis and its applications

Motion in a straight line
Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantenous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematics equations for uniformly, accelerated motion, relative velocity

Motion in a plane
Introduction, scalars and vectors, multiplication of vectores by real numbers, additions and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolutions of vectors, vector addition-analytical method, motion in a plane
Motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Laws of motion
Introduction, conservation of momentum, equilibirium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, circular motion, solving problem in mechanics

Work, power, energy
Introduction, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy, the conservation of mechanical energy
The potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, power, collisions

System of particles and rigid body
Introduction, centre of mass, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, torque and angular momentum, equilibrium of a rigid body
Moment of inertia, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, rolling motion

Gravitation
Introduction, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential enrgy, escape speed, earth satellite, energy of an orbiting satellite
Geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness

Mechanical properties of solids
Introduction, stress and strain, Hooke’s law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli: Young’s modulus, determination of young’s modulus of the material wire, bulk modulus, applications of elastic behaviour of materials

Mechanical properties of fluids
Introduction, pressure, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, surface tension

Thermal properties of matter
Introduction, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, black body radiation, green house effect, Newton's law of coolings

Thermodynamics
Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, intemal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables ant equation of state, thermodynamic processes
Second law of thermodyniamics, reversible and irreversible process, Camot engitie

Kinetic theory
Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, mean free path

Oscillations
Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, simple harmonic motion, simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion
Some systems executing simple harmonic motion, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance

Waves
Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves (except fundamental mode and harmonics), beats

Electric charges and fields
Introduction, electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law: Field due to infinitely long Straight uniformly charged wire. Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

Electrostatic potential and capacitance
Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field
Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Current electricity
Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power, cells, EMF, internal resistance
Cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer

Moving charges and magnetism
Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields: Velocity selector, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop
Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Magnetism and matter
Introduction, the bar magnet: The magnetic field lines, magnetism and Gauss’s law, the earth’s magnetism, magnetisation and magnetic intensity

Electromagnetic induction
Introduction, the experiment of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, eddy currents, inductance, A.C. generator

Alternating current
Introduction, A.C. voltage applied to a resistor, representation of A.C. current and voltage by ratating vectors-phasors, A.C. voltage applied to an inductor, A.C. voltage applied to a capacitor, A.C. voltage applied to a series LCR circuit
LC oscillations, transformers

Electromagnetic waves
Introduction, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum

Ray optics and optical instruments
Introduction, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight: The rainbow
Optical instruments (except resolving power microscope and astronomical telescope)

Wave optics
Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and young’s experiment
Diffraction: The single slit, seeing the single slit diffraction pattern, the validity of ray optics

Dual nature of radiation and matter
Introduction, electron emission photoelectric effect experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation
Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter

Atoms
Introduction experiment, alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation

Nuclei
Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass energy and nuclear binding energy (except binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number), nuclear force, nuclear energy

Semiconductor electronics: materials, devices and simple circuits
Introduction, classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes
Optoelectronic junction devices, digital electronics and logic gates

Some basic concepts of chemistry
Importance of chemistry, properties of matter and their measurement, uncertainty in measurement, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molecular masses, percentage composition, stiochiometry and stiochiometric calculations

Structure of atom
Developments leading to the Bohr's model of atom, Bohr's model for hydrogen atom, towards quantum mechanical model of the atom, quantum mechanical model of atom

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, nomen cloture of elements with atomic numbers> 100, electric configuration of elements and the periodic table
Electronic configuration and types of elements: s-, p-, d-, f-blocks, periodic trends in properties of elements

Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, ionic or electrovalent bond, bond parameters, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VDEPR) theory, valence bond theory, hybridization, molecular orbital theory
Bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules, hydrogen bonding

States of matter
Intermolecular forces, thermal energy, intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions, the gaseous state, the gas laws, ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory of gases, behaviour of real gases: Deviation from

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic tenus, applications, measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, enthalpy change, ∆H of a reaction, reaction enthalpy, enthalpies for different types of reactions, spontaneity

Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical processes, equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant, homogeneous equilibria, heterogeneous equilibria, applications of equilibrium constants
Relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G, factors affecting equilibria, ionic equilibrium in solution, acids, bases, and salts, ionization of acids and bases, buffer solutions
Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts

Redox reactions
Classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, redox reactions in terms of electron transfer reactions, oxidation number

Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, hydrides, water, heavy water, D, O, dihydrogen as a fuel

The s-block elements
Group 1 elements: Alkali metals, general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals, anomalous properties of lithium, group 2 elements: Alkaline earth metals, general characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals
Anomalous behaviour of beryllium, some important compounds of calcium Ca(OH)₂, CaSO₄

The p-block elements
Group 13 elements: The boron family, important trends and anomalous properties of boron, uses of boron and aluminium and their compounds, group 14 elements: The carbon family, important trends and anomalous behaviour of carbon, allotropes of carbon

Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques
General introduction, tetravalence of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds, structural representations of organic compounds, classification of organic compounds, nomenclature of organic compounds, isomerism
Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism

Hydrocarbons
Classification, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbon, carcinogenicity and toxicity

The solid state
General characteristics of solid state, amorphous and crystalline solids, classification of crystalline solids, crystal lattices and unit cells, number of atoms in a unit cell, close packed structures, packing efficiency
Calculations involving unit cell dimensions, imperfections in solids

Solutions
Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility, vapour pressure of-liquid solutions, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and determination of molar mass

Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis (excluding elementary idea of laws of electrolysis)

Chemical kinetics
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction, integrated rate equations

Surface chemistry
Adsorption, colloids, classification of colloids, colloids around us

The p-block elements
Group 15 elements, dinitrogen, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen (excluding structure), niitic acid, group 16 elements, dioxygen, simple oxides, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms, sulphur dioxide, oxoacids of sulphur, sulphuric acid: Chemical properties, uses
Group 17 elements, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds, group 18 elements

The d-and f-block elements
Position in the periodic table, electronic configurations of the d-block elements, general properties of the transition elements (d-block), the lanthanoids: Electronicconfiguration, oxidation states, lanthanoids contraction, reasons, and consequences
The actinoids; actinoid contraction, some applications of d- and f-elements

Coordination compounds
Werner's theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds, nomenclature of coordination compounds, bonding in coordination compounds, bonding in metal carbonyls, stability of coordination compounds

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification, nomenclature, nature of C-X bound, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions

Alcohols, phenols and ethers
Classification, nomenclature, structure of functional groups, alcohols and phenols, ethers

Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid
Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation of aldehydes and ketones, physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of aldehydes and ketones, nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group, methods of preparation of carboxylic acids
Physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of carboxylic acids

Amines
Structure of amines, classification, nomenclature, preparation of amines, physical properties, chemical reactions

Biomolecules
Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, preparation of glucose, structure of glucose, cyclic structure of glucose, structure of fructose, proteins, nucleic acids

Sets
Introduction, sets and their representation, empty set, finite and infinite sets, equal sets, subsets, power sets, universal sets, Venn diagram, operation on set, practical problems on union and intersection of two sets

Relations and Functions
Introduction, casrtesian products of sets, relations, functions, some functions and their graphs

Trignometric function
Introduction, angles trignometric functions, trignometric functions of sum and difference of two angles, principal solutions of trignometric equations

Principle of mathematical inductions
Introduction, motivation, the principle of mathematical induction

Complex numbers and quadratic equations
Introduction, complex number, algebra of complex number, the modulus and conjugate of a complex number, Argand plane

Linear inequalities
Introduction, inequalities, algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their graphical representation, graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables, solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables

Permutations and combination
Introduction, fundamental principal of counting, permutation, combination

Sequence and series
Introduction, sequence, series, arithmetic progression, geometric progression, relationship between A.M. and G.M.

Straight lines
Introduction, slope of a line: (i) Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity of lines in terms of their slopes, (ii) angle between two lines, (iii) collinearity of three points, various forms of equation of the line, general equation of a line
Distance of a point from a line

Introduction to three-dimentional geometry
Introduction, coordinate axis and planes in three dimentional space, distance between two points, section formula

Limits and derivatives
Introduction, intuitive idea of derivatives, limits, limits of trignometric functions, derivatives

Statistics
Introduction, measures of dispersion, range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation

Probability
Introduction, random experiments, event

Relations and Functions
Introduction, types of relations, types of functions, binary operations

Inverse trigonometric funvtions
Introduction, basic concepts, principal values

Matrices
Introduction, matrix, types of matrices, operations on matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and Skew symmetric matrices, invertible matrices

Determinants
Introduction, determinant, area of a triangle, minors and cofactors, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, applications of determinants and matrices

Continuity and differentiability
Introduction, continuity, differentiability, exponential and logarithemic functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, second order derivative

Application of derivatives
Introduction, rate of change of quantities, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima

Integrals
Introduction, integration as an inverse process of differentiation, methods of integration, integrals of some particular functions, integration by partial fractions, integration by parts, definite integral, fundamental theorem of calculus
Evaluation of definite integrals by substitution, some properties of definite integrals

Applications of integrals
Introduction, area under simple curves

Differential equations
Introduction, basic concepts, particular solutions of differential equation, methods of solving first order, first degree differential equations

Vector algebra
Introduction, some basic concepts, types of vectors, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, product of two vectors

Three dimensional geometry
Introduction, direction cosines and direction ratios of a line, equation of a line, equation of a line in space, shortest distance between two lines, plane, coplanarity of two lines, distance of a point from plane

Linear programming
Introduction, linear programming problem and its mathematical formulation, different, types of linear programming problems

Probability
Introduction, conditional probability, conditional theorem on probability, independent events, Baye's theorem

Diversity in the living world
The living world, biological classification, plant, kingdom, animal kingdom

Structural organisation in plants and animals
Morphology of flowering plants, anatomy of flowering plants, structural organisation in animals

Cell structure and function
Cell: The unit of life, biomolecules, cell cycle and cell division

Plant physiology
Transportation in plants, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis in higher plants, respiration in plants, plant growth and development

Human physiology
Digestion and absorption, breathing and exchange of gases, body fluids and circulation, excretory products, and their elimination, locomotion and movement, neural control and coordination, chemical coordination and integration

Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms, sexual reproduction, sexual reproduction in flowering plants, human reproduction, reproductive health

Genetics and evolution
Principles of inheritance and variation, molecular basic of inheritance

Biology in human welfare
Human health and disease, microbes in human welfare

Biotechnology
Biotechnology: Principles and process, biotechnology and its applications

Ecology
Organisms and populations, biodiversity and conservation